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Alkynes contain a triple bond (≡). A triple bond has one and two bonds.
Some characteristic reactions of alkynes are,
Combustion
Moment of Inertia of Some Standard Bodies About Different Axes
Chemical properties of Alkene
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of a double bond. The carbon-carbon double bond consists o
Type of Legands:-
Legands are e- donors means nucleophile and their denticity depends on presence of lone pairs which can be co-ordinate
Common names of organic compounds
Common nomenclature
In the common system, cyanides are named by any of the following
Chemical properties of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones
ADDITION REACTIONS
Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to the corr
Covalent Bond:-Lewis – Longmuir Concept:-
Langmuir in. 1919 improved Lewis
Esters
RCOOR' are named after the corresponding carboxylic acids by replacing the ending -ic acid with -ate and preceding this with the name of the
Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
Crystal lattice is the depiction of three dimensional arrangements of constituent particles (atoms, molecules, ions
Addition reactions of benzene
Benzene gives some addition reactions. Some typical reactions are:
Addition of hydrogen
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Being unsaturated, aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions. They have a polar carbonyl group. The carbon o
Nomenclature, preparation and properties of i. Acid halides ii. Acid amides iii. Acid anhydrides and iv. Esters
Introduction of carboxylic
Reduction of nitroalkane
Nitro compounds can be reduced to primary amines under a variety of conditions. The various reduction stages of the nitro
Due to the property of surface tension a drop or bubble tries to contract and so compresses the matter enclosed. This in turn increases the internal pressure which prevents fu
Isomerism:-
Complexes having some molecular formula but different structure are called structural Isomer and in such Insomer 3 – D Orientati
IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of naming hydrocarbon
IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Science
Nomenclature
GENERAL CHARACTERSTICS OF ETHERS :
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES :
Physical properties of ether
Morphology of Flowering Plants
Stem:
Bears branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits
Conducts water a
Potassium Dichromate (K2Cr2O7)
Preparation:- Potassium dichromate is prepared from the ore called
(4) Series LR circuit
V = (V
IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of naming ethers
Common names of ethers follow after the names of alkyl / aryl groups written as separate words in alp
Chemical properties:- Glucose contains one primary and four secondary hydroxyl groups and one aldehydic group. Glucose shows the reactions of all these groups
Dehydrogenation and oxidation of alcohol
a) By oxidation of alcohols
Aldehydes and ketones are generally prepared by ox
Chemical Properties of aliphatic amines
Basicity of amines
In amines, there is a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. Th
The molecular formula of benzene has been found from analytical data, to be C6H6. Relatively higher proportion of carbon and addition of chlorine to benzene molecule indicate
Rules for formation of image by spherical Mirrors:-
Nucleophilic reactions of haloalkanes
Replacement by alkoxy group
(Formation of ethers) - Williamson Synthesis
Substitution by Nitrite Group
The halogen atom of haloalkane gets substituted by nitrite group (-O-N=O) when it is treated with sodium or potassium
REACTION with Na, Mg and chloral
Haloarenes are chemically less reactive than haloalkanes. They can undergo the following reactions:
Octahedral Complexes:-
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A compound MpXq has cubic close packing (ccp) arrangement of X. Its unit cell structure is shown below
The empirical formula of the compound, is
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A boy sitting on the topmost berth in the compartment of a train which is just going to stop on a railway station, drops an apple aiming at the open hand of his brother sitting vertically below his hands at a distance of about 2 meter. The apple will fall
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In figure are shown charges q1 = + 2 × 10–8 C and q2 = – 0.4 × 10–8 C. A charge q3 = 0.2 × 10–8 C in moved along the arc of a circle
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Potential at a point x-distance from the centre inside the conducting sphere of radius R and charged with charge Q is &nbs
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Number of electrons in one coulomb of charge will be [RPET 2001; MP PMT/PET 1998]
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A sphere of 4 cm radius is suspended within a hollow sphere of 6 cm radius. The inner sphere is charged to a potential 3 e.s.u. When the outer sphere is earthed. The charge on the inner sphere is
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Eight drops of mercury of same radius and having same charge coalesce to form a big drop. Capacitance of big drop relative
to that of small drop will be [MP PMT 2002, 1990; MNR 1999, 87; DCE 1998]
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A beam of electrons moving at a speed of 106 m/s along a line produces a current of 1.6 ´ 10–6 A. The number of electrons in the 1 metre of the beam is &nb
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A copper wire of length 1m and radius 1mm is joined in series with an iron wire of length 2m and radius 3mm and a current is passed through the wire. The ratio of current densities in the copper and iron wire is
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From the graph between current i & voltage V shown, identity the portion corresponding to negative resistance[CBSE PMT 1997]
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A and B are two wires. The radius of A is twice that of B. they are stretched by the same load. Then the stress on B is [MP PMT 1993]
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The Young’s modulus of a wire of length L and radius r is Y N/m2. If the length and radius are reduced to L/2 and r/2, then its Young’s modulus will be
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A fixed volume of iron is drawn into a wire of length L. The extension x produced in this wire by a constant force F is proportional to[MP PMT 1999]
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When a 4 kg mass is hung vertically on a light spring that obeys Hooke’s law, the spring stretches by 2 cms. The work required to be done by an external agent in the stretching this spring by 5cms will be (g = 9.8 m/s2)
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A uniform cube is subjected to volume compression. If each side is decreased by 1%,then bulk strain is [EAMCET (Engg.) 1995; DPMT 2000]
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The magnitude and direction of the current in the circuit shown will be [CPMT 1986, 88]
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What will be the equivalent resistance of circuit shown in figure between points A and D [CBSE PMT 1996]
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It is possible to obtain oxygen from air by fractional distillation because [AIPMT 1989]
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Compared with the alkaline earth metals, the alkali metals exhibit [AIPMT 1990]
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When orthophosphoric acid is heated to 600°C, the product formed is [AIPMT
1989]
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The gases respectively absorbed by alkaline pyragallol and oil of cinnamon are [AIPMT 1989]
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Compared with the alkaline earth metals, the alkali metals exhibit [AIPMT 1990]
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Each of the following is true for white and red phosphorus except that they [AIPMT 1989]
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Bleaching powder is obtained by the action of chlorine gas and [AIPMT 1988]
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Bleaching powder reacts with a few drops of conc HCl to give [AIPMT 1989]
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Which of the following atoms will have the smallest size? [AIPMT 1989]
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A soap bubble is given negative charge. Its radius will [DCE 2000; RPMT 1997; CPMT 1997; MNR 1988]
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A half ring of radius R has a charge of λ per unit length. The electric field at the centre is
[CPMT 2000; CBSE PMT 2000; REE 1999]
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Equal charges Q are placed at the vertices A and B of an equilateral triangle ABC of side a. The magnitude of electric field at the point A is
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A sphere of 4 cm radius is suspended within a hollow sphere of 6 cm radius. The inner sphere is charged to a potential 3 e.s.u. When the outer sphere is earthed. The charge on the inner sphere is
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The electric field, at a distance of 20 cm from the centre of a dielectric sphere of radius 10 cm is 100 V/m. The ‘E’ at 3 cm distance from the centre of sphere is &n
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The relationship between force and position is shown in the figure given (in one dimensional case). The work done by the force in displacing a body from x=1 cm to x= 5 cm is
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Which of the following phenomenon does not show the wave nature of light [RPET 2003; MP PMT 2003]
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As a result of interference of two coherent sources of light, energy is [MP PMT 2002; KCET 2003]
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Two coherent monochromatic light beams of intensities I and 4I are superposed. The maximum and minimum possible intensities in the resulting beam are [IIT-JEE 1988; AIIMS 1997; MP PMT
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Which one of the following orders is not in accordance with the property stated against it? [AIPMT 2006]
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With which of the following electronic configuration an atom has the lowest ionisation enthalpy? [AIPMT 2007]
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The adjoining diagram shows the velocity versus time plot for, a particle. The work done by the force on the particle is positive from
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Two masses of 5 kg and 10 kg are connected to a pulley as shown. What will be the acceleration of the system (g = acceleration due to gravity)
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Two masses M and m are connected by a weight less string. They are pulled by a force F on a frictionless horizontal surface. The tension in the string will be
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Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection after the birth of the baby ? ( Har. PMT 2008)
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The hormone which regulates sleep – wake cycle in man is : (Kerala PMT – 2010)
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Which hormone is responsible for milk ejection after the birth of the baby ? &
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The hormone which regulates sleep – wake cycle in man is : (Kerala PMT – 2010)
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The ability of a substance to assume in two or more crystalline structures is called [AIPMT 1990]
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Find magnetic field at centre O in each of each of the following figure
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For the solenoid shown in figure. The magnetic field at point P is
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Find out the magnitude of the magnetic field at point P due to following current distribution
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Three long, straight and parallel wires carrying currents are arranged as shown in figure. The force experienced by 10 cm length of wire Q is
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For the solenoid shown in figure. The magnetic field at point P is
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The coil of a galvanometer consists of 100 turns and effective area of 1 square cm. The restoring couple is 10– 8 N-m rad. The magnetic field between the pole pieces is 5 T. The current sensitivity of this galvanometer will be
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An electron (mass =9 x 10-31kg charge =1.6 x 10-19coul.) whose kinetic energy is 7.2 x 10-18 joule is moving in a circular orbit in a magnetic field of 9 x 10-5 weber/m2 The radius of the orbit is
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Figure shows the cress sectional view of the hollow cylindrical conductor with inner radius 'R' and outer radius '2R', cylinder carrying uniformly distributed current along it's axis. The magnetic induction at point 'P' at a distance 3R/2
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The magnetic field at a point X on the axis of a small bar magnet is equal to the field at a point Y on the equator of the same magnet. The ratio of the distance of X and Y from the centre of the magnet is
[MP PMT 1990]
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Two magnets are held together in a vibration magnetometer and are allowed to oscillate in the earth's magnetic field. With like poles together 12 oscillations per minute are made but for unlike poles together only 4 oscillations per minute are executed. The ratio of their magnetic moments
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The time period of a freely suspended magnet is 2 sec. If it is broken in length into two equal parts and one part is suspended in the same way, then its time period will be &nb
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A magnet is suspended in such a way that it oscillates in the horizontal plane. It makes 20 oscillations per minute at a place where dip angle is 30o and 15 oscillations per minute at a place where dip angle is 60o. The ratio of total earth's magnetic field at the two
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If θ1 and θ2 are the deflections obtained by placing small magnet on the arm of a deflection magnetometer at the same distance from the compass box in tan A and tan B positions of the magnetometer respectively then the value
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In vibration magnetometer the time period of suspended bar magnet can be reduced by &
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An iron rod of length L and magnetic moment M is bent in the form of a semicircle. Now its magnetic moment will be
[CPMT 1984; MP Board 1986; NCERT 1975; MP PET/PMT 1988; EAMCET (Med.) 1995;
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Two samples A and B of a gas initially at the same pressure and temperature are compressed from volume V to V/2 (A isothermally and B adiabatically). The final pressure of A is
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If the door of a refrigerator is kept open, then which of the following is true
[BHU 2001; JIPMER 2002; AIEEE 2002; CPMT 2003]
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A gas expands 0.25m3 at constant pressure 103 N/m2, the work done is
[CPMT 1997; UPSEAT 1999; JIPMER 2001, 2002]
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A thermodynamic process is shown in the figure. The pressures and volumes corresponding to some points in the figure are: PA=3 x 104Pa, PB=8 x104 Pa and VA= 2 x 10-3m3, VD=5 x 10-3m3
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Beats are produced with the help of two sound waves on amplitude 3 and 5 units. The ratio of maximum to minimum intensity in the beats is [MP PMT 1999]
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In stationary waves, antinodes are the points where there is [MP PMT 1996]
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In the following indicator diagram, the net amount of work done will be
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A Carnot engine working between 300 K and 600 K has work output of 800 J per cycle. What is amount of heat energy supplied to the engine from source per cycle &
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Carnot cycle (reversible) of a gas represented by a Pressure-Volume curve is shown in the diagram
Consider the following statements
I. Area ABCD = Work done on the gas
II. &nb
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The P-V diagram shows seven curved paths (connected by vertical paths) that can be followed by a gas. Which two of them should be parts of a closed cycle if the net work done by the gas is to be at its maximum value
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Four curves A, B, C and D are drawn in the adjoining figure for a given amount of gas. The curves which represent adiabatic and isothermal changes are
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In the following indicator diagram, the net amount of work done will be
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Which of the property makes difference between progressive and stationary waves [MP PMT1987]
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The superposition takes place between two waves of frequency f and amplitude a. The total intensity is directly proportional to &
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The driver of car travelling with a speed 30 meter/sec. towards a hill sounds a horn of frequency 600 Hz. If the velocity of sound in air is 330 m/s the frequency of reflected sound as heard by the driver is
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At what speed should a source of sound move so that observer finds the apparent frequency equal to half of the original frequency &nb
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The speed of a wave in a certain medium is 960 m/sec. If 3600 waves pass over a certain point of the medium in 1 minute, the wavelength is &nbs
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The equation of wave is y = 2 sin π(0.5x – 200 t) where x and y are expressed in cm and t in sec. The wave velocity is
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A simple harmonic progressive wave is represented by the equation y = 8 sin 2π (0.1x – 2t) where x and y are in cm and t is in seconds. At any instant the Phase difference between two particles separated by 2.0 cm
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The displacement of a particle is given by x = 3 sin (5πt) + 4 cos (5πt) The amplitude of particle is [MP PMT 1999]
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The path difference between the two waves
y1 = a1 sin (ωt – (2πx/ λ)) and y2 = a2 cos (ωt – (2πx/ λ) + φ) is &nbs
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The stationary wave produced on a string is represented by the equation y = 5 cos(πx/3) sin (40 πt) where x and y are in cm and t is in seconds. The distance between consecutive nodes is &n
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41 forks are so arranged that each produces 5 beat/sec when sounded with its near fork. If the frequency of last fork is double the frequency of first fork, then the frequencies of the first and last fork respectively
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If two waves of same frequency and same amplitude respectively on superimposition produced a resultant disturbance of the same amplitude the wave differ in phase by &nbs
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The tuning fork and sonometer wire were sounded together and produce 4 beats/second when the length of sonometer wire is 95 cm or 100 cm. The frequency of tuning fork is
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A source of sound of frequency 90 vibration/sec is approaching a stationary observer with a speed equal to 1/10 the speed of sound. What will be the frequency heard by the observer
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The source of sound s is moving with a velocity 50 m/s towards a stationary observer. The observer measures the frequency of the source as 1000 Hz. What will be the apparent frequency of the source when it is moving away from the observer after crossing him ? The vel
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A man is watching two trains, one leaving and the other coming in with equal speed of 4 m/s. If they sound their whistles, each of frequency 240 Hz, the number of beats heard by the man (velocity of sound in air = 320 m/s) will be equal to &nbs
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Two tuning forks have frequencies 380 and 384 hertz respectively. When they are sounded together, they produce 4 beats. After hearing the maximum sound, how long will it take to hear the minimum sound &nbs
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At constant volume the specific heat of a gas is 3R/2, then the value of γ will be &
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Find the ratio of specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat constant volume for NH3
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If the intermolecular forces vanish away, the volume occupied by the molecules contained in 4.5 kg water at standard temperature and pressure will be given by &
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The temperature of a gas is raised while its volume remains constant, the pressure exerted by a gas on the walls of the container increases because its molecules &
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A box containing N molecules of a perfect gas at temperature T1 and pressure P1. The number of molecules in the box is doubled keeping the total kinetic energy of the gas same as before. If the new pressure is P2 and temperature T2, then &nb
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22 gm of CO2 at 27°C is mixed with 16 gm of O2 at 37°C. The temperature of the mixture is [CBSE PMT 1995]
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Read the given statements and decide which is/are correct on the basis of kinetic theory of gases [MP PMT 2003]
(I) Energy of one molecule at absolute tempera
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An experiment is carried on a fixed amount of gas at different temperatures and at high pressure such that it deviates from the ideal gas behaviour. The variation of PV/RT with P is shown in the diagram. The correct variation will correspond to
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At the top of a mountain a thermometer reads 7°C and a barometer reads 70 cm of Hg. At the bottom of the mountain these read 27°C and 76 cm of Hg respectively. Comparison of density of air at the top with that of bottom is
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One sphere collides with another sphere of same mass at rest inelastically. If the value of coefficient of restitution is 1/2, the ratio of their speeds after collision shall be &n
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A running man has half the kinetic energy of that of a boy of half of his mass. The man speeds up by 1 m/s so as to have same K.E. as that of boy. The original speed of the man will be
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A neutron having mass of 1.67 x 10-27 kg and moving at 108m/s collides with a deutron at rest and sticks to it. If the mass of the deutron is 3.34 x 10-27 kg; the speed of the combination is &nb
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Two carts on horizontal straight rails are pushed apart by an explosion of a powder charge Q placed between the carts. Suppose the coefficients of friction between the carts and rails are identical. If the 200 kg cart travels a distance of 36 metres and stops, the di
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A metre stick, of mass 400 g, is pivoted at one end displaced through an angle 60o. The increase in its potential energy is
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A rubber ball is dropped from a height of 5m on a planet where the acceleration due to gravity is not known. On bouncing, it rises to 1.8 m. The ball loses its velocity on bouncing by a factor of &n
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The relationship between force and position is shown in the figure given (in one dimensional case). The work done by the force in displacing a body from x=1 cm to x= 5 cm is
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Three particles A, B and C of equal mass are moving with the same velocity v along the medians of an equilateral triangle. These particle collide at the centre G of triangle. After collision A becomes stationary, B retraces its pat
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A sphere of mass 0.1 kg is attached to a cord of 1m length. Starting from the height of its point of suspension this sphere hits a block of same mass at rest on a frictionless table, If the impact is elastic, then the kinetic energy of the block after the collision is &
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A body of mass m moving with velocity v makes a head-on collision with another body of mass 2m which is initially at rest. The loss of kinetic energy of the colliding body (mass m) is [MP PMT 1996; RPET 1999; AIIMS 2003]
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A mass of 20kg moving with a speed of 10m/s collides with another stationary mass of 5 kg. As a result of the collision, the two masses stick together. The kinetic energy of the composite mass will be
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A bullet of mass m moving with a velocity v strikes a suspended wooden block of mass M as shown in the figure and sticks to it. If the block rises to a height h the initial velocity of the bullet is
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A bag P (mass M) hangs by a long thread and a bullet (mass m) comes horizontally with velocity v and gets caught in the bag. Then for the combined (beg + bullet) system the &
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