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Alkynes contain a triple bond (≡). A triple bond has one and two bonds.
Some characteristic reactions of alkynes are,
Combustion
Chemical properties of Alkene
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of a double bond. The carbon-carbon double bond consists o
Chemical properties of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones
ADDITION REACTIONS
Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to the corr
Covalent Bond:-Lewis – Longmuir Concept:-
Langmuir in. 1919 improved Lewis
Reduction of nitroalkane
Nitro compounds can be reduced to primary amines under a variety of conditions. The various reduction stages of the nitro
Chemical properties:- Glucose contains one primary and four secondary hydroxyl groups and one aldehydic group. Glucose shows the reactions of all these groups
Chemical Properties of aliphatic amines
Basicity of amines
In amines, there is a lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. Th
Integrated rate equation:- Rate = (-dA/dt) = k[A]
This is the differential rate equation. But this form is not convenient to the determinatio
Chemical properties
Reduction
a) Partial reduction
Carboxylic acids are reduced to primary
Methods to predict the rate law
1. Graphical method or differential rate law method:- From the given data of concentration of reac
CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS
Writing a Chemical Reaction
Types of Chemical Reaction
Oxidation &
Valence shell Electron pair Repulsion theory
VSEPR Theory => It was given by Sidgwick and Powell in 1940 and was developed by Nyholm
And Gillespie in1957.
Basic Assumptions are=>
The
Ionic or Electrovalent Bond:-
Formation of sodium chloride
Chemical properties of monohydric alcohols
They can undergo substitution as well as elimination reaction.
The hydroxyl gro
Chemical kinetics:- Branch of chemistry which deals with the study of rate of reaction, their mechanisms and factors affecting them.
CHAPTE
Collision theory of chemical reaction:- According to it reactant molecules must collide with one another so as to change into products.
The number
Chemical properties of aromatic nitrocompounds
The nitro group strongly deactivates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution. Nitro grou
Limitations of octet Rule=> (i) Formation of compounds.
Involving hydrogen because H tends complete its duplet not oc
Rate of radioactive decay/disintegration:- Decay of radioactive elements always follow first order kinetics.
Rate of disintegration at time t
Elementary reactions:- Those reaction which takes place in one step only, are called elementary reactions.
Complex reactions:-
Types of redox reaction
1. Reactants are substances that take part in a chemical reaction, while products are the new substances
Dependence of rate of reaction or rate constant on temperature
As the temperature increases, rate constant increases so rate of reaction also incre
Effect of catalyst on the rate of reaction
A catalyst is a substance which increase the speed or rate of reaction by providing an alternative pathw
Arrhenius equation:- It shows the effect of temperature on rate of reaction and on rate constant. It can be written as-
K = A e- E
Adsorption:- The phenomenon of attracting and retaining the molecules of a substance on the surface of a material (solid or liquid), resulting into a higher c
Biomolecules
Biomicromolecules:
All living organism, from microbes to mammals, are composed of chemical substan
Thermo chemical Equation
Thermo chemical equation which express the amount of heat absorbed or evolved along with the physical state of react
Rate of reaction:- can be defined as the change in concentration of any one of reactant or product per unit time. R → P
Rate of re
Chemical Bond is a force that acts between 2 or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule.
Cause of chemical combination=>Le
Order of reaction:- Sum of powers to which the concentration terms are raised in rate law expression
Order of reaction = ∝ + β,
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