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Rules for formation of image by spherical Mirrors:-
# Total Internal Reflection (T.I.R)
# Total Internal Reflection (T.I.R)
# Refraction at convex spherical surface:
(a) When the object lies in the rarer medium and image formed is real:
Consid
Reflection of light: Bouncing back of light rays after striking a surface in called as reflection.
Laws of Reflection:-
# Lens:
A Lens is a combination of two refracting surfaces out of which at least one is curved
Types of Lenses:
# Practical applications of refraction:
(1) The apparent depth of objects is lesser in denser medium than the actual depth:
# Simple Microscope (Elementary idea)
“It is a simple convex lens of short focal length used to see the magnified image of a small object.&r
# Telescope:-
It is an optical instrument used to see the distant objects clearly and magnified
Types
# Refraction of light:- “It is the phenomena of change in the path of light when it goes from one medium to another.”
When light ray go
# Lens Formula:
It is the between object distance (u), image distance (v) and focal length (f) of a lens. (1/f = 1/v – 1/u)
# New Cartesian sign conventions:
(i) All the distance are measured from the optical centre of lens.
(ii)
# Power of a lens (P):
It is the ability of a lens to converge or diverge a beam of light falling on it.
Mathematically:
# Laws of refraction:
(i) The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal, all lie in the same plane.
(ii) The ratio of sine of angle of
Refraction through a glass slab:
Consider a glass slab of thickness ‘t’
At pt. A (By Sne
# Prism:
A simple prism is a transparent medium bounded by two triangular and three rectangular surfaces.
# Refraction through
Ray optics:
Ray: The path along which light travels is called as a ray.
Refraction of light: “It
# Dispersion of light:
“It is the phenomena of splitting of a beam of white light into its constituent colours on passing through a prism.&r
# Images formed by a concave lens:
(i) Position of object: At ∞
Image: At Focus (F)
N
# Scattering:
“It is the phenomena in which light is emitted by the particles of the medium in all directions after absorption.”
Wave Optics
Light:- light is a form of energy which gives the sensation of sight.
Optics:- opti
Spherical Refracting surfaces
# Spherical Refracting surfaces (S.R.S)
These are the refracting surfaces whose curved pa
# Linear magnification produced by a lens (m):
m = size of image formed by lens/size of object = I/O
For Real & in
# Rainbow:
“A rainbow is a spectrum of sun light in the form of concentric coloured arcs in the sky formed immediately after rainfall.”
Resolving Power(R.P.):
Resolving Power of an optical instrument is its ability to form separate images of two point objects lying close to each oth
# Linear magnification of a spherical mirror (m):
m = size of image (h2)/size of object (h1) = A’B’/AB
Law’s of reflection (on the basis of Huygen’s principle)
let AB=> plane wave front incident on a plane mirror M1M2
When sound waves are incident on a boundary between two media, a part of incident waves returns back into the initial medium (reflection) while the remaining is partly absorbe
The molecular formula of benzene has been found from analytical data, to be C6H6. Relatively higher proportion of carbon and addition of chlorine to benzene molecule indicate
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