SureDen
Isothermal Process
When a gas undergoes expansion or compression at constant temperature, the process is called isothermal process.
Adiabatic Process
When a thermodynamic system undergoes a change in such a way that no exchange of heat takes place between it and the surroundings, the process is
Joule's Law.
Whenever heat is converted into mechanical work or mechanical work is converted into heat, then the ratio of work done to heat produce
Graphical Representation of Various Processes
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.
If systems A and B are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system C, then A
Internal energy → The total amount of energy stored in a substance is known as Internal energy. Total internal energy is the sum of the
Cyclic and Non-cyclic Process in Thermodynamics
Cyclic Process: A cyclic process consists of a series of changes which return the system back to its initial state.
Non Cyclic Process: In non-cyclic process the series
Mode of Transference of energy
If energy generally transfers occur in 2 modes →
In terms o
Hess’s Law
It is states that total enthalpy change that occur in physical & chemical process is the same whether the process
Second Law of Thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics merely explains the equivalence of work and heat. It does not explain wh
Carnot Engine
Carnot designed a theoretical engine which is free from all the defects of a practical engine. This engine cannot be realised in actu
The branch of science which deals with the study of different form of energy & the quantitative relationship b/w them is known as thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics process & its types
A process gives the path or operation by which a system changes from one state to other.
Heat Engine
Heat engine is a device which converts heat into work continuously through a cyclic process.
The essential parts of a heat e
Thermodynamics : It is a branch of science which deals with exchange of heat energy between bodies and conversion of the heat energy into mechanical energy an
Isochoric or Isometric Process
When a thermodynamic process undergoes a physical change in such a way that its volume remains constant, then the ch
Isobaric Process.
When a thermodynamic system undergoes a physical change in such a way that its pressure remains constant, then the change is know
Refrigerator or Heat Pump
A refrigerator or heat pump is basically a heat engine run in reverse direction.
It essentially consists
Thermo chemical Equation
Thermo chemical equation which express the amount of heat absorbed or evolved along with the physical state of react
Theory of smelting (Reduction Process):- Thermodynamics and Ellingham explains the reduction of FeO to Fe. One of the main reduction steps is:
Relationship between ΔG & the Equilibrium Constant
The relationship b/w free energy & equilibrium constant is represented as
Heat Capacity
Heat capacity of a system is defined as amount of heat required to raise the temp. of a system through 1° C, & it is denoted
Heat of Neutralization-
The amount of heat evolved when 1g equivalent of an acid is neutralized by base.
H+ + OH+
Enthalpy change or Heat change of Reaction
The heat of reaction is defined as heat evolved or absorbed when a certain number of moles of the reacta
Entropy
It is the measure of randomness of the system or disorder of the system.
More the disorder, more the entropy of the sy
Energy flow:- Ultimate source of energy in an ecosystem is sunlight or sun, while ultimate source of food in an ecosystem is producer.
Gibbs energy-
Gibbs energy of a system is defined as the maximum amount of energy available to the system during a process that can be concentrated
Specific heat capacity
Specific heat capacity of a substance is defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the su
Reversible and Irreversible Process
(1) Reversible process : A reversible process is one which can be reversed in such a way that
Test Details
According to the third law of thermodynamics which one of the following quantities for a perfectly crystalline solid is zero at absolute zero? [1996]
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