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Alkynes contain a triple bond (≡). A triple bond has one and two bonds.
Some characteristic reactions of alkynes are,
Combustion
Chemical properties of Alkene
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of a double bond. The carbon-carbon double bond consists o
Common names of organic compounds
Common nomenclature
In the common system, cyanides are named by any of the following
Addition reactions of benzene
Benzene gives some addition reactions. Some typical reactions are:
Addition of hydrogen
The molecular formula of benzene has been found from analytical data, to be C6H6. Relatively higher proportion of carbon and addition of chlorine to benzene molecule indicate
General methods of preparation of alkenes
Alkenes are usually prepared from either alcohols or haloalkanes (alkyl halides).
By t
Cracking of hydrocarbons
The process of breaking higher hydrocarbons with high boiling points into a variety of lower hydrocarbons that are more vo
Ethyne has a triple bond between the two carbon atoms. In the diagram each line represents one pair of shared electrons.
H — C ≡ C — H
Addition polymerization is a process by which a large number of molecules of the same species join together (without the elimination of simple molecules like HX, H2
Quality of petrol (gasoline) - octane number
The controlled combustion of fuel in the presence of air, gives an internal combustion engine its powe
Origin of coal and petroleum
Coal and petroleum have organic origin, being decomposed plant and animal matter buried deep inside the earth. Coal is
Aliphatic hydrocarbon form coal
The petrol obtained artificially from coal as a mixture of alkanes resembling petroleum like aliphatic hydrocarbon
The simplest arene is benzene (C6H6). Benzene is a typical arene and it gives all the typical reactions of arenes. Benzene was first isolated by Faraday
Quality of diesel - cetane number
Cetane number is defined as the percentage of cetane in a mixture of cetane and -methyl naphthalene, which has th
IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of naming hydrocarbon
IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Science
Nomenclature
Isomerization
Alkenes when heated alone at high temperatures (500-700°C) or at lower temperatures (200-300°C) isomeri
General method of preparation of alkynes
Ethyne is made industrially from hydrocarbons obtained by cracking petroleum. The thermal cracking of buta
Ethyne is prepared by the action of water on calcium carbide.
Preparation of ethyne
Combustion of benzene
Benzene and its homologues are highly inflammable liquids and burn with a sooty flame.
General methods of preparation of alkanes
(i) Decarboxylation :
(a) Decarboxylation means removal of CO2 fro
Chemical properties of Alkanes
Alkanes are quite inert substances with highly stable nature. Their inactiveness has been explained as:
(
Organic chemistry is that branch of chemistry which deals with the study of compounds of carbon with hydrogen (hydrocarbons), and their derivatives.
Dienes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two carbon-carbon double bonds per molecule. Their general formula is CnH2n-2. Dienes and alkynes are func
Physical properties of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones
Aldehydes and ketones are simple compounds which contain acarbonyl group - a carbon-oxygen d
Nomenclature, preparation and properties of i. Acid halides ii. Acid amides iii. Acid anhydrides and iv. Esters
Introduction of carboxylic
Physical properties of benzene
Benzene is a colorless liquid (melting point 5.5°C, boiling point 80.4°C) with a chara
Introduction:
The halogen derivatives of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are called haloalkanes. These are obtained when the h
Factors favoring SN1 AND SN2 Mechanisms:
Nature of alkyl halide
If the alkyl halide is primary, it reacts through SN
Introduction of alcohols
The hydroxy derivatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons are called alcohols. When one, two or more hydrogen atoms of a hyd
Test Details
Liquid hydrocarbons is converted to a mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons by
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In the commercial gasolines, the type of hydrocarbons which is more desirable, is
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Reduction of aldehydes and ketones into hydrocarbons using zinc amalgam and conc HCl is called
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Thermal decomposition of higher hydrocarbons into lower hydrocarbons is called
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