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Chsomosomal theory of inheritance:
This illustration is given to explain the Mendal’s principle of independent assortment. In terma of moveme
Principles or Laws of Inheritance:
There are two Law:-
1) Law of Dominance: This is first law of inheritance. Character
Incomplete Dominance: When we cross two pure parents and in f1 generation, we get a fine mixture or intermediate condition, it is known as incomple
Back cross: The cross between the hybrid organism with the original parental type is Back Cross. Parental type must be homozygous.
Co-dominance: When two alleles neither show dominant recessive relationship nor show intermediate conditions but both of them express themselves simulta
Introduction:
Transfer of character from the individual of one generation to future generation through the direct genetic discendents is here
Extraction of Elements:- As metals exist in oxidized form and non metals in reduced form, therefore the methods of extractions of metals and non-metals from t
Extraction of Iron:-
Iron is usually extracted from the oxide ore i.e. hematite (Fe2O3). It involves the following steps:
Organic chemistry is that branch of chemistry which deals with the study of compounds of carbon with hydrogen (hydrocarbons), and their derivatives.
Inheritance of One Gene: (Monohybrid Cross)
Breeding experiment dealing with a single character is monohybrid cross.
He crosse
Mendels theory of Inheritance:
Mendel had choosen the pea plant for his experiments to show laws of inheritance.
Why he had choo
Pedigree analysis: Study of traits in a several of generations of a family in the form of family tree diagram , is called the pedigree analysis.
Principles of Biotechnology
The two core techniques that developed modern biotechnology are:
(i) Genetic en
*Linkage: Tendency of a gene present in a chromosomes to stay together in heredity transmission is linkage.
Factors affecting linkag
Law of Independent Assortment: This law states that ‘when two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one pair of characters is indepen
Crushing and Grinding of the ore:- the ores occur in nature as huge lumps. They are broken to small pieces with the help of crushers and grinders. The p
IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of naming ethers
Common names of ethers follow after the names of alkyl / aryl groups written as separate words in alp
IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of Naming Alcohols
In the common system, alcohols are named as alkyl alcohols. The word alcohol is added after the na
Inheritance of two Genes: (Dihybrid cross):
A Breeding experiment dealing with 2 characters at the same time is dihybrid Cross.
Test Cross: Cross between an individual of unknown genotype (hybrid) with an individual which is homozygous for recessive trait is test cross.
Genetic Disorders: They are of 2 types:
Mendelian
Chromosomal
(1)Mendelian disorders:
Sex Determination: Bridges had given the balance theory of Sex – determination. Bridges
*Sex Determination in human being:
Important terms:
Aneuploidy à Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle resulting in
&nb
Mutation: Mutation is defined as the sudden inheritable change in the genetic material. It is of two major types.
1) Point mutation:
Stereochemical aspects of nucleophilic substitution reaction:
(Optical Isomerism)
As SN2 produce with complete inversion while an SN1
Tracovalency
A carbon atom has a total of six electrons occupying the first two shells, i.e., the K-shell has two electrons and the L-shell has fou
Process of Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves the following steps:
Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
Concept of homolytic and herterolytic fission
Organic reactions usua
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