Principles or Laws of Inheritance:

There are two Law:-

1) Law of Dominance: This is first law of inheritance. Characters are controlled by smaller units called factors which occur in pairs. In a dissimilar pair of factors one member of the pair dominates over the other recessive.

2) Law of Segregation: This is also known as universal law. This law is based on the fact that the alleles do not show any blending and that both the characters are recovered as such in the F2 generation. As the parents contain two alleles during gamete formation, the factors or alleles of a pair segregate (separate) from each other such that a gamete receives only one of the two factors. Of course, a homozygous parent produces all gametes that are similar
while a heterozygous one produces two kinds of gametes each having one allele with equal proportion.