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Events of cell cycle:
Cell cycle merely comprises a series of three phases;
1) G0-phase or Quiescent phase or Gap-0: A
Meiosis:
This term was introduced by Farmer and Moore. This phase is called Reductional division because nu
Cell cycle:
The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome, synthesize the other constituents of the cell and eventually divide
Post Fertilization Events:
Events in sexual reproduction after the fertilization (formation of zygote) are called post fertilization events. These events may be d
Significance of cell cycles:
Mitosis and meiosis both involve cells division to make new cells. This makes them both vital processes for the existe
Mitosis:
This term was introduced by Flaming. This phase is called Equational division because number of chromoso
The complex organic compounds (molecules) such as Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic, Acids, Lipids, Hormones, Vitamins etc., Which form the basis of life, are called Bi
Cell: The Unit of Life
Cell:
It is the basic structural and functional Unit of life.
Dis
Study of muscles is called mycology.
Muscle system consist muscle fibers as smallest unit.
Non infectious diseases:
AIDs and Cancer are explained below:
Cell potential or E.M.F of a cell
An electrochemical cell is made up of 2 half cell. One of these act as anode on which oxidation takes place has h
Difference between meiosis and mitosis:
Mitochondria:
First seen by Kolliker, Flemming called then Filia, Benda named mitochondria.
Provide an energy-transducing system
1. Fission:
It is that type of asexual reproduction in which a fully grown parent organism divides into two or more than two daughter cells.
In this ca
Important terms:
Aneuploidy à Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle resulting in
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Amitosis:
The term Amitosis was given by Remark. It is also termed as Direct division because in this nucleus divides directly (wi
Structure of Ovule:
Ovule is an integumented megasporangium found in sper- matophytes which develops into seed after fertilisation. An angiosperm o
Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
Crystal lattice is the depiction of three dimensional arrangements of constituent particles (atoms, molecules, ions
Cell Membrane (J.O. Plowe (1931) called it plasmalemma):
Its presence was first recognised by Naige
Out of 105 elements discovered so far, less than 21 are essential and beneficial for normal plant growth and development.
Criteria for essentiality of
Active Transport: Uses energy to pump molecules against a concentration gradient. Casparian strip presents in the endodermis (the i
Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
A crystal lattice is made of very large number of unit cells and lattice points are the representation of constituent particles. Ther
Colchicine:
(C22H25O6H) is an alkaloid commonly used as mitotic poison (to stop mitosis).
Important points:
Chromosomes are best stained with acetocarmine.
Giesma and quinacrine must
Golgi Apparatus (Baker’s body, Lipochondria)
Golgi bodies were first detected in nerve cells by Camillo Golgi.
Water provides medium in which many substances are dissolved. Protoplasm of cell is consist of water in which different molecules are dissolved and suspended.
A wat
Nucleus:
Reported by Robert Brown in orchid cells.
Hammerling by his grafting experiments on
Structure of Microsporangium
In transverse section a typical microsporangium appears near circular in outline. It is generally surrounded by four wall layers - the
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