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Circulation of blood through heart:
It is of 3 types:
1) Pulmonary circulation:
Introduction:
Some materials like, nutrients, gases, hormones, waste materials or cells etc, that prevent the body from disease, need t
Blood vascular system:
It has a fluid called blood, pumped by heart in all tissue through many tubes (blood vessels). This system
Fluid is the name given to a substance which begins to flow when external force is applied on it. Liquids and gases are fluids. Fluids do not have their own shape but take the
Blood:
Study of blood is called Haematology. Adult human being has 4-5 litre of blood. It is a mobile fluid connective tissue. Bit
Blood groups and RH system:
There are 4 types of blood groups:
A, B, AB and O. Gene I controls these blood
Human heart:
Human heart is divided into different chambers internally. 1 or 2 auricles and 1 or 2 ventricles, these are called true chambers. Study of heart is called cardiology.
(1) Fishes have a heart with 2 chambers (
Blood vessels:
Blood vessels are elastic and muscular tubes that carry blood in vertebrates. Study of blood vessels is called Angiology.
ECG (electro cardio graph):
A permanent record of the electric events occurring during a cardiac cycle, made on a graph paper in the form of a wave
Blood pressure:
The pressure of blood against the walls of vessels due to the flow of blood in them is called blood pressure.
Cardiac cycle:
A Heart beat completes in a sequence of three events:
Auricular systole (contraction of auricles).
Tissue fluid (lymph):
The fluid present in the spaces between calls in tissues is called tissue fluid or lymph. Exchange of materi
Blood clotting:
Blood clotting is a natural process to stop the loss of blood from body.
Mechanism of clot formation:
Cardiovascular disease:
CAD (Coronary artery diseases): Also called arteriosclerosis. It affects the vessel
Control of heart beat:
The rate of heart beat is controlled both by nervous & endocrine system.
Nervous control:
Phylum : Arthoropoda
Class : Insecta
Subclass : Pterygota
Order : Dictyogota
Family : Blattidae
Genus : periplaneta
Classes of sub-phylum Vertebrata:
1) Class-Cyclostomata:
They are ectoparasites on some fishes.
They have 6-15 pairs of gill slits for respiration.
Cyclostomes have a sucking and circular mouth with
Functions of kidney:
Removes urea/uric acid from blood.
Maintains osmo-regulation (ion & water
11 Bernoulli's Theorem.
According to this theorem the total energy (pressure energy, potential energy and kinetic energy) per unit volume or mass o
(1) Translatory equilibrium : When a body of density P and volume V is immersed in a liquid of density O, the forces acting on the body are
It states that if gravity effect is neglected, the pressure at every point of liquid in equilibrium of rest is same.
When a body moves through a fluid, the fluid in contact with the body is dragged with it. This establishes relative motion in fluid layers near the body, due to which viscous
In a fluid, at a point, density P is defined as: ρ=lim
When a force is applied on a body there will be relative displacement of the particles and due to property of elasticity an internal restoring force is developed which tends t
Excretory organs:
Homeostasis: The process of maintaining a constant body temperature to maintain all system and process in
Adrenals (Suprenals):
Origin: It has 2 parts:-
1.Adrenal Cortex: arise from mesoderm
In case of steady flow of a fluid when a layer of fluid slips or tends to slip on adjacent layers in contact, the two layer exert tangential force on each other which tries to
11.12 Applications of Bernoullis Theorem.
(i) Attraction between two closely parallel moving boats (or buses) : When two boa
When one end of capillary tube of radius r is immersed into a liquid of density d which wets the sides of the capillary tube (water and capillary tube of gla
(1) Stream line flow : Stream line flow of a liquid is that flow in which each element of the liquid passing through a point travels along the same path
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