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Electric field due to a point charge:
As shown in fig. consider a point charge q placed at the origin o. we wish to determine its electric field at a point P at distance r form it. For this, imagine a test charge q0 placed at point p. according to
Electric lines of force:
An electric lines of force may be defined as the curve along which a small positive charge would tend to move when
Charge --Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
Two kinds of charges : The following simple experiment proves these facts:
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It states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two stationary point charges is
Directly proportional to the product of the magnitudes of the two
Electric potential energy:
The electric potential energy of a system of point charges may be defined as the amount of work done in assembling the
Electric flux :
The electric flux through a given area held inside an electric field is the measure of the total number of electric lines of
Dipole field:
The electric field produced by an electric dipole is called dipole field.
Electric field at an axial point of an electric dipole:
Consider an electric dipole consisting of charges +q and –q, se
Applications of Gauss Law
Electric field due to an infinitely long straight charged wire:
Consider a thin infinitely
As shown in fig. consider an electric dipole consisting of two point charges –q and +q and separated by a distance 2a. let p be the point on the axis of the dipole
Different types of Continuous Charge Distribution :
Volume Charge Distribution : it is charge distribution spread over a three dimensional volume or region V of space. Volume charge density at any point in this volume as the charge con
Relation between electric field and potential: Consider the electric field due to charge +q located at the origin O. Let A and B be two adjacent points separa
Electric potential due to a group of point charges:
As shown in fig. suppose N point charges q1, q2, q3 …&h
Dielectric:
A dielectric is a substance which does not allow the flow of charges though it but permits them to exert electrostatics forces on one
Electric field: The electric field at a point is defined as the electrostatic force per unit test charge acting on a vanishingly small positive test charge placed at that point. Hence
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Electric Dipole: A pair of equal and opposite charges separate by a small distance is called electric dipole.
Dipole Moment: It measures the strength of an eclectic dipole whose magnitude is either charge times the separation between t
In a non-uniform electric field, the +q and –q charges of a dipole experiences different forces (not equal and opposite) at slightly different positions in the field and
Heating effect of current: the phenomenon of the production of heat in a resistor by the flow of electric current through it is called heati
Electrostatics properties of a conductor:
When placed in electrostatic field, the conductors shows the following properties:
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Electric potential: The electric potential at a point in an electric field is the amount of work done in moving charge from infinity to that point.
Equipotential surface: Any surface that has same electric potential at every point on the surface of the conductor known as equipotential surface.
Magnetic force on a moving charge: the electric charges moving in a magnetic field experiences a force F such that
(i) The force is proportional to
Electromagnetic waves
It is a disturbance which carries energy in space due to the simultaneously time varying mutually perpendicular electric and
The study of electric charges in motion is called current electricity.
Electric current :- the flow of electric charges through a conductor constit
Torque on a Dipole in a Uniform Field:
consider an electric dipole consisting of charges +q and –q and of length 2a placed in a unifor
Electric potential due to uniformly charged thin spherical shell:
Consider a charged spherical shell of radius R as shown in fig:
Frictional electricity : The electricity developed by rubbing or friction is called frictional electricity. The rubbed substa
Capacitance of parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric slab:
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor of plate area A and plate separation
Electron Emmision-The liberation of electrons from the surface of a metal due to any reason is known as Electron Emission.
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