Dipole field:

The electric field produced by an electric dipole is called dipole field.

Electric field at an axial point of an electric dipole:

Consider an electric dipole consisting of charges +q and –q, separated by distance 2a and placed in vacuum. Let P be a point on the axial line at a distance r form the centre O of the dipole on the side of the charge +q.

Clearly, electric field at any axial point of the dipole acts along the dipole axis from negative to positive charge.

Electric field at an equatorial point of a dipole:

Consider an electric dipole as shown in fig. let p be a point on the equatorial line of he dipole at distance r from it. i.e. OP = r

Electric field at point P due to charge +q is