SureDen
Attemps to Classify
In this chapter, we will describe Plantae kingdom under Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. At pres
Life Cycles
Life cycles differs in the duration of haploid and diploid phase. There are three types of life cycles:
(A) Haplonti
Plant Breeding Program:
This breeding program has a series of events that take place to achieve desired variations in a species:
Active Transport: Uses energy to pump molecules against a concentration gradient. Casparian strip presents in the endodermis (the i
Plant Breeding:
Plant breeding is the useful changes in the plant species with desirable characters in order to create plant types that are suitabl
Uses of Biodiversity:-
1. As source of food and improved variety:-
Plant cell:
In plants, special long distance transport is necessary as sites of production or absorption and sites for storage too far and at much faster rate. This is generally done by m
PTERIDOPHYTA
The Pteridophytes are the spore bearing vascular plants.
The main independent plant body of pte
Cell: The Unit of Life
Cell:
It is the basic structural and functional Unit of life.
Dis
Water provides medium in which many substances are dissolved. Protoplasm of cell is consist of water in which different molecules are dissolved and suspended.
A wat
Based on morphology of mycelium mode of spore formation, fruiting bodies there are 4 classes;
a). &nbs
Taxonomical Aids
Taxonomy is the branch of biology that deals with identification, naming, and classification of organisms.
Ta
Mendels theory of Inheritance:
Mendel had choosen the pea plant for his experiments to show laws of inheritance.
Why he had choo
Plant Breeding for Disease Resistance:
Resistance is defined as the genetic ability of a plant to prevent pathogen from causing di
Algae
-Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, autotrophic and largely aquatic organisms.
-They occur in a variety of habitats like moist damp places .Some of them also occur in a-ssociation with fungi (lichen) and animals.
- They occur as unice
ANGIOSPERMS
Angiosperms are seed-bearing plants
They are well adapted to the terrestrial life and occur in many habitats like cold tundra to hot tropical, desert areas and even in aquatic habitats.
Plant body is well differenti
Phylogenetic classification system
Numerical Taxonomy: It is based on all morphological and observable ch
Out of 105 elements discovered so far, less than 21 are essential and beneficial for normal plant growth and development.
Criteria for essentiality of
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Secondary Growth:
Secondary growth is absent in monocotyledons, but present in dico
Tissue culture:
It is a laboratory technique, of regeneration of a whole plant from any part of plant by growing on a culture plate with sterile (
Microbes as bio-fertilizers:
Bio-fertilizers are the micro-organisms which increases the nutrient quality of soil. The main source
Difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms
1) In gymnosperms seeds are naked but in angiosperms seeds are enclosed in overy or covered by fruit
BRYOPHYTES
Bryophytes are divided into three classes: Hepaticae (Liverworts), Anthocerotae (Hor
GYMNOSPERMS
Gymnosperms are naked seeded plants with their ovules freely EXPOSED. The Jurassic period perhaps the best time for G
Pre-fertilization Events:
These events of sexual reproduction are prior to the fusion (fertilization) of male and female gametes.
a) &nbs
Significance of Plant breeding:
It plays many useful roles:
1) Minimize land degradation
2) Increased yield without expending
Agents of Pollination:
1) Abiotic agents:
a) &
Plant breeding for pest resistance:
Here, plants are developed with resistance to pest and insects.
Some varieties developed for this ty
Mitosis:
This term was introduced by Flaming. This phase is called Equational division because number of chromoso
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