Plant Breeding Program:

This breeding program has a series of events that take place to achieve desired variations in a species:

a)Collection of variability:

• Pre-existing genetic variability is selected which has to be transferred in given crop.
• Here, germ-plasm is collected and manipulated according to need called germ-plasm collection.
• Germ-plasm is the living genetic resources that is maintained for the purpose of animal and plant breeding, preservation, and other research uses.

b) Evaluation and selection of parents:

• Then, the plant with desirable character which suits the germ-plasm are carried out for further procedure.
• The selected plant is hybridized and self pollinated to get pure breed of that plant.

c) Cross hybridization among the selected parents:  

• Then cross breeding occurs between selected plants.
• This is done to make a plant with a combination of characters from both plants.

d) Selection and testing of superior recombinants:

• Here, the hybrids with desired combinations of characters are selected.
• The hybrids are superior to both the parents called Heterosis or hybrid vigour.
•  The hybrid which is selected is self pollinated for various generations till they reach homo-zygosity.

e) Testing, release and commercialization of new breeds:

• Evaluation:  New breeds are evaluated to raise their yields and their performance is recorded to notice many characters shown by them, such as: quality, resistance against pest, etc.
• Testing: Then, it passes through a series of tests in fields and grown in at-least three different growing seasons to check their performance.
• Release: If selected material passes accurate in all above processes then it is ready to be grown in bulk and get certified as a best quality product.