Electrostatics properties of a conductor: When placed in electrostatic field, the conductors shows the following properties: Ne
Dual nature of matter – radiation-    The wave associated with a particle is called matter wave or de Broglie wave.
GENERAL CHARACTERSTICS OF ETHERS : PHYSICAL  PROPERTIES : Physical properties of ether
Energy bands in solids consists of three parts Valence                 &n
Intrinsic semiconductors:- Intrinsic semiconductors have an equal number of negative and positive charge carriers. ne = nh
Doped or Extrinsic semiconductors: N-Type:
The P-N junction Diode:- P side of P-N junction has holes as a majority charge carriers and electrons as a minority charge carriers whereas N side
Zener diode: A diode operated in Zener break down mode is called Zener diode. In this type of mode of operation current increase r
Photodiode        When a light of proper wavelength falls on the junction, new electron-hole pairs are created. The n
Mode of operations of PN-Junction Diode: Forward Bias:- In this mode P side is connected to positive terminal of battery an
P-N Junction As a Rectifier Type of rectifier Half wave rectifier
Light-emitting Diode (LED): When a conduction electron makes a transition to the valence band to fill up a hole in P-N     &nbs
Junction transistors Junction transistors are of two types (a) NPN         
Transistor as an Amplifier Common base amplifier In this type amplifier, base to emitter junction is forward bias where
Transistor as an oscillator Use→to convert D.C. into A.C. Amplifier section is just a transistor used in common-emitter code.
Logic gates OR gate Boolean expression Y=A+B
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