Differences regarding respiration: Difference between respiration and breathing:
Classes of sub-phylum Vertebrata: 1) Class-Cyclostomata: They are ectoparasites on some fishes. They have 6-15 pairs of gill slits for respiration. Cyclostomes have a sucking and circular mouth with
Aerobic Respiration: That occurs by the use of molecular oxygen. And can be direct or indirect on the basis of exchange of gases: 1) Di
Frog Phylum : Chordata Sub phylum : Vertebrata Section : Gnathostomata Class : Amphibian Sub cl
Anaerobic Respiration: That occurs without the use of molecular oxygen. Also called Fermentation. 1) In yeast,
Living organisms The living creatures of all kinds are known as living organisms. For example, all plants, animals, and microo
Systematics includes 4 fields 1. Identification 2.Classification 3.Nomenclature 4.Taxanomy    
Cell: The Unit of Life Cell: It is the basic structural and functional Unit of life. Dis
Preparation of Oxides: By direct heating of an element with oxygen Many metals and non-metals burn rapidly when heated in oxygen or air,
Primary function of leaf Primary function of leaves:  Photosynthesis: The principal functi
Leaves : A leaf is a dissimilar, green, flat, expended lateral outgrowth of stem or its branches on a node. Each leaf consists
Phylum : Annelida Class : Oligochaeta        Order : Terricolar
Porifera: Organization:  Cellular level Symmetry:  Various type Coelom:  Absent Segmentation: Abse
Introduction: All living things need energy for all metabolic activities:
Nitrogen cycle : Nitrogen is limiting nutrient for both natural and agricultural eco-systems as plants compete with microbes for limited nitrogen that is
Echinodermata: Organization: Organ level Symmetry: Radial Coelom: present (coelomates)   Segmentation:
Pulmonary air volumes and capacities: Tidal volume: volume of air inspired or expired i
Additional Excretory organs: Skin: Many aquatic organisms excrete ammonia through skin ex. Starfish. Mammals loose small amo
Breathing mechanism: It is the first step of respiration which involves inspiration of fresh air and expiration of foul air. An average human brea
Active Transport: Active transport is the energy-consuming transport of molecules or ions across a membrane against a concentration gradient.
Mitochondria: First seen by Kolliker, Flemming called then Filia, Benda named mitochondria. Provide an energy-transducing system
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