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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION involves formation of male and female gamates, either by the same individual or different individuals of opposite sex.These gametes
Reproduction: Reproduction is the biological process in which an individual gives rise to an offspring similar to itself.
Purpose of Reproduction:
1. Fission:
It is that type of asexual reproduction in which a fully grown parent organism divides into two or more than two daughter cells.
In this ca
Asexual Reproduction- Where offspring is produced by single parent with or without formation and fusion of gametes. e.g. Amoeba, Plan aria etc.
Her
Algae
-Algae are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, autotrophic and largely aquatic organisms.
-They occur in a variety of habitats like moist damp places .Some of them also occur in a-ssociation with fungi (lichen) and animals.
- They occur as unice
Living organisms
The living creatures of all kinds are known as living organisms.
For example, all plants, animals, and microo
Pre-fertilization Events:
These events of sexual reproduction are prior to the fusion (fertilization) of male and female gametes.
a) &nbs
Heredity and Variation in Asexual Reproduction
If all offspring were exactly like their parents, there would be no science of genetics. Variations a
Budding: It is that type of asexual reproduction in which one or more unicellular or multicellular outgrowths, called buds, are formed on or inside the parent
3. Fragmentation:
It is that type of asexual reproduction in which the parental body breaks into two or more fragments either by wave action (e.g. sponges) or by
Life Span:
The period from birth to the natural death of an organism is called its life span.
Life span of an organism may be few minutes to several th
Post Fertilization Events:
Events in sexual reproduction after the fertilization (formation of zygote) are called post fertilization events. These events may be d
DIFFERENT PHASES IN SEXUAL REPRODUCTION:
1. JUVENILE PHASE
It is a period of growth and
Environment
Environment is referred to as the sum total of all the physical and biotic conditions which influence the organism in terms of su
Attemps to Classify
In this chapter, we will describe Plantae kingdom under Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. At pres
Fertilization:
The fertilization is the complete and permanent fusion of two gametes from different parents or from the same parent to form a diploid zygote. This
Significance of cell cycles:
Mitosis and meiosis both involve cells division to make new cells. This makes them both vital processes for the existe
Kingdom Fungi:
i) They are heterotrophic.
ii) They are cosmopolitan and prefer to grow in warm and humid places.
Types or Modes of Asexual Reporoduction
1. Fission
2. Budding
3. Fragmentation
4. Zoospores and
5. Coni
ANNUAL EXAMINATION 2013-14
Apomixis & Polyembryony
Apomixis is a special mechanism, to produce seeds without fertilization. It is a form of asexual repr
Based on morphology of mycelium mode of spore formation, fruiting bodies there are 4 classes;
a). &nbs
BRYOPHYTES
Bryophytes are divided into three classes: Hepaticae (Liverworts), Anthocerotae (Hor
In higher plants, vegetative propagation is followed using units such as rhizome, sucker, offset, bulb, tuber etc. – known as vegetative propagu
Biomolecules
Biomicromolecules:
All living organism, from microbes to mammals, are composed of chemical substan
Reproductive Health–Problems and Strategies to overcome problems:
A society with people having physically and functionally normal reproductive organs and normal emotional and behavioural interactions among them in all sex-related aspects might be called
The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies (derived characteristics). Etymolog
Post- fertilization Events
Events of endosperm and embryo development,
Gametogenesis:
The primary sex organs – the testis in the males and the ovaries in the females –produce gametes, i.e, sperms and ovum,
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