Community sequency in lithosphere:-

1. Crust ore → Primitive, undifferentiated

2. Foliose → Advanced, and a little differentiated.

3. Pioneer species → Lichen is a good soil binder that is start formation of soil.

(a) Mass (Bryophyte)- It enhance  the formation of soil.

(b) Annual wood

(c) Shrub

(d) Tree (forest)