Method of conservation of Bio-diversity:-

1. Insitu conservation:-

It emphasis protection of total ecosystem or organism in their natural habitat.

It include protected area and biosphere reserve, Now adays India has 90 national park

448 wild life santuary

14 biosphere reserve.

Hot spot biodiversity region:-

Area having very high level of species richness and high degree of endemic species.

Endemic:- (Restricted to particular area) or native.

e.g.:- Mango and Rice are endemic.

Initially 25 hot spot are identified but now 34 are found (9 more are added out of there hotspot 3 hotspot:

1. Western ghat and Srilanka.
2. Indo Burma.
3. Himalayan (Range)

Hot spot cover 2% of global land mass but it reduces the extinction of species upto 30%.

Sacred groove:-

It is sacred scattered, forest patch present around place of worship.

e.g:-

1. Western ghat region of Karnataka and Maharashtra. 

2. Aravali range of Rajasthan.

3. Khansi and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya.

4. Sargiya, Chanda and Boston in Madhya Pradesh. (Now Boston is in Chattis garh)

5. Pushkar lake of Rajasthan.

Protected Area:-

It is special category of protected land or sea Which is specially dedicated to conservation and maintenance of bio-diversity and natural associated cultural resources.

It include national park, and wildlife santuary :-

1. National Park:- It is special category of protected area maintained by national government. It emphasis protection of organism (Plant and animal in their natural habitat i.e. it emphasis protection of total ecosystem.

• Prviate Ownership is not permitted in national park. And actively like cultivation, plantation and grazing are not permitted.

Earliest and 1^st national park:-

1. Yellow stone national park in USA.

2. Royal national park in Australia.

1.  

jim Corbett National park in Uttarakhand.

Wild life Santuary:-

It is special category of protected area which emphasis of protection of wild life only.

Activity like cultivation, plantation and grazing are permitted which do not effect animal.

Alwar:- Sariska Wild life santuary

Nandini:- Wildlife Santuary (Jammu to Katra)

Keolardo in Bharatpur Rajastan.

2. Biosphere reserve:-

It is special category of land and coastal environmental in which human are integral component of ecosystem.

Concept of biosphere reserve was given by UNESCO (United nation of educational, scientific and cultural organisation) under MBA. (Man and biosphere reserve)

e.g:- Anganwadi , Red cross.

- Biosphere reserve are 14 in no. and it has 3 part or zone.

Core Zone:- It is inner most zone of biosphere reserve. It is legally protected and undisturbed area. Humans are not permitted.

Buffer Zone:- It surround the core zone. It manage and accommodate the greater variety of natural resources and it is site for scientific research, monitoring, education, development etc.

Transistional Zone:-

Outermost zone of biosphere reserve, it contain village, town, city, hotel, restaurant etc. all type of human activity are permitted but do not affect biosphere reserve.

Ex – Situ:-

In Ex-situ conservation threatened species are carried out from their natural habitat and placed in artificial setting habitat. It include Botanical garden, aquarium, seed bank, cryopreservation of fig. NH₃.

In Delhi à Mughal Garden

The historic convention of biological diversity (earth submit) in  rio dejenario  in Brazil in 1992.

The world submit on sustainable development help in Johanas berg in South Africa in 2002.

140 country participate they commit to achieve significant reduction in current rate of biodiversity loss by the end of 2010.

Lion:-  Gir National park (Gujarat)

Tiger:- Jim Corbett National park (Uttarakhand)

Rhinoceroes:- Kaziranga national park (Assam)

• Sunder Ban is famous for royal Bengal tiger and Sunder  Ban tree.
• Dachingao National Park is famous for deer in Srinagar and Kashmir.
• Kanha national park à Madhya Pradesh.
• Dudhwa national park à Uttar Pradesh.

Silent spring:- Novel is written by Richson Carlson.

And first mention the effect of DDT on bird, silent valley.

Silent Valley:- Tropical green forest of Kerala. And declared as national reserve and hence it is called Silent valley because there is no noise in the forest during night.

Jungle Book:- (Mogli) it is based on central India forest (Satpura forest of Madhya Pradesh)

Salim Ali is known as Bird Man of India.