SureDenStates of Matter
The three states of matter differ from each other due to the following two factors.
(1) The different magnitudes of the interatomic and intermolecular forces.
(2) The extent of random thermal motion of atoms and molecules of a substance (which depends upon temperature).
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Comparison Chart of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous States |
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Property |
Solid |
Liquid |
Gas |
|
Shape |
Definite |
Not definite |
Not definite |
|
Volume |
Definite |
Definite |
Not definite |
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Density |
Maximum |
Less than solids but more than gases. |
Minimum |
|
Compressibility |
Incompressible |
Less than gases but more than solids. |
Compressible |
|
Crystallinity |
Crystalline |
Non-crystalline |
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|
Interatomic or intermolecular distance |
Constant |
Not constant |
Not constant |
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Relation between kinetic energy K and potential energy (U) |
K < U |
K> U |
K >> U |
|
Intermolecular force |
Strongest |
Less than solids but more than gases. |
Weakest |
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Freedom of motion |
Molecules vibrate about their mean position but cannot move freely. |
Molecules have limited free motion. |
Molecules are free to move. |
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Effect of temperature |
Matter remains in solid form below a certain temperature. |
Liquids are found at temperatures more than that of solid. |
These are found at temperatures greater than that of solids and liquids. |