Stoechiometrie calculation:-

Limiting reagent is that reactant which is completely used in the reaction.

The stoechiometry deals with the calculation of masses or volumes or moles etc. of reactants and products is a balanced chemical reaction eg. The following reaction have many meanings.

Reaction in solutions:-

The concentration of solution in expressed in one of the following ways.

Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two components present in a mixture.

Molarity:- it’s defined as the no. of moles of a substance dissolved per litre of solution mathematically.

w = weight of substance.

M = molar mass.

V = volume of solution in ce.

Normality:-  It’s defined as the no. of gram equivalents of solute dissolved per litre of solution mathematically,

w = weight of solute

 V = volume of solution in ce.

Eq. weight = equivalent weight = molar mass / valancy or acidity or basicity or total +ve charge on salt

eg. Equivalent weight of HCl = 36.5 / 1 (∵ basicity 1 )

Equivalent weight of Cu = 63.5 / 2 (∵ valency is 2)

Equivalent weight of Al = 27 / 3 (∵ valency is 3)

Basicity of H₃Po₄ is 3, H₃PO₃ is 2, H₂3O₄ is 2