Introduction

Introduction:

The sum total of all processes by which all living organisms attain food and utilize it to use in various biological activities such as growth, maintenance & for meeting their energy needs, is nutrition.

Types of nutrition

Autotrophic or halophytic nutrition

Heterotrophic nutrition

It is a type of nutrition by which organism prepare their food by themselves.

Further of 2 types:-

(1) Photoautotrophic nutrition:-

In which organisms made their food themselves by using sunlight. ex- plants, some bacteria.

(2) Chemoautotrophic nutrition:-

In which organisms made their food themselves of using inorganic chemical substances. ex- Nitrobacter bacteria.

It is that type of nutrition in which organisms do not make their food themselves, i.e. they are dependent upon others.

Further of 4 types:-

(1) Saprophytic nutrition:-

Here, organisms feed on dead & decaying matter, they only suck the food directly from other organisms. ex- Housefly, spider.

(2) Mixotrophic nutrition:-

Euglena carries autotrophic & saprophytic nutrition both at some time, called mixotrophic nutrition. Ex- Euglena.

(3) Holozoic nutrition:- The mode of taking solid or fluid organic food through mouth is holozoic.

Further of 3 types:-

Herbivores	Carnivores	Omnivores
The eat only algae or plant material. ex- horse, dear	They eat fresh ex- lion, tiger	They eat both plants & other animals ex-human

(4) Parasitic nutrition:- In this type of nutrition, organisms take liquid food material from the body of host.

Further of 2 types:-

Exo – parasitic	Endo – parasitic
In which organisms live on the body of host & suck fluid. Ex- some small fishes on big fishes, leech.	In which organisms live inside the body of host. ex- Ascaris.

Based metabolic rate:

An average human needs 1400 kilo calories per day. It is called (BMR) based metabolic rate of a human.

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11 PMT Biology Digestion and Absorption Introduction