The process of grouping living organisms into convenient categories based on simple characters is known as Biological Classification.

Firstly  Two kingdom classification was done into Plantia and Animalia.

·         Plantia: Plants are autotrophs. They have  cell wall and they  do not move

·         Animalia: Animals are heterotrophus. They do not have cell wall. They can move from one place to another.

But later it was found that two kingdom classification was not sufficient

Why?

Because in two kingdom

1.       Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes   were grouped together.

2.       Heterotrophs & Autotrophs were together.

3.       No difference between unicellular and multicellular

4.       Simple organisms were placed along with higher organism.

Then another classification was made by R.H Whittaker  in 1959 which was Five kingdom classification.

What was the Main criteria for classification?

Answer:

1.       Complexity of cell structure (prokaryotes/ eukaryote )

2.       Body organization (unicellular/ multicellular)

3.       Mode of nutrition (autotrophic / heterotrophic / holozoic)

4.       Life style ( producers / consumers / decomposers)

5.       Phylogenic relationships (revolutionary history)

Name those five kingdoms.

Answer: Five kingdoms are

               1.  Kingdom Monera (bacteria ) – prokaryotic unicellular

               2.   Kingdom  Protista   ( amoeba ) – eukaryotic  unicellular

               3.   Kingdom Fungi   - multicellular eukaryotic

               4.    Kingdom Plantae  - multicellular eukaryotic

               5.    Kingdom  Animalia – multicellular eukaryotic   

Difference between five kingdoms

Characters	Monera	Protista	Fungi	Plantae	Animalia
Cell type	Prokaryotic	Eukaryotic	Eukaryotic	Eukaryotic	Eukaryotic
Cell wall	Noncellulosic (Polysaccharide + amino acid)	Present in some	Present (without cellulose)	Present (cellulose)	Absent
Nuclear membrane	Absent	Present	Present	Present	Present
Body organisation	Cellular	Cellular	Multiceullar/ loose tissue	Tissue/ organ	Tissue/organ/ organ system
Mode of nutrition	Autotrophic (chemosynthetic and photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic (saprophytic/parasitic)	Autotrophic (Photosynthetic) and Heterotrophic	Heterotrophic (Saprophytic/ Parasitic)	Autotrphic (Photosynthetic)	Heterotrophic ( H o l o z o i c / Saprophytic etc.)