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Propagation of Errors.
(1) Error in sum of the quantities : Suppose z = x + y
Le
Unit of measurements:-
Fundamental units are those which are neither derived from one another nor can be dissolved. Eg. Units of mass, there are 7
Physical Quantity.
A quantity which can be measured and by which various physical phenomenon can be explained and expressed in form of laws of physics is called a physical quantity. For example length, mass, time, force etc.
Some Definitions and Units
Practical Units.
(1) Length :
(i) 1 fermi = 1 fm = 10–15m
(ii) 1 angstrom = 1Å = 10–10m = 10
Question 1: Find area of the triangle with vertices at the point given in each of the following:
(i) (1, 0), (6, 0), (4, 3) (ii) (2, 7), (1, 1), (1
Power
Power of a body is defined as the rate at which the body can do the work.
Average power
Rounding Off.
While rounding off measurements, we use the following rules by convention:
(1) If the digit to be dropped is less th
Order of reaction:- Sum of powers to which the concentration terms are raised in rate law expression
Order of reaction = ∝ + β,
DNA: Deoxiribonucleic acid
DNA is a thread like polymer of deoxyribonucleotides. The length of DNA is defined as number of nucleotides present in i
Work:
Work is said to be done when a force applied on the body displaces the body through a certain distance in the direction of force.
System of units : A complete set of units, both fundamental and derived for all kinds of physical quantities is called system of units. The common systems are given below
(1) CGS system : The system is also called Gaussian system of units. In
Errors of Measurement
This difference in the true value and measured value of a quantity is called error of measurement.
(1) Abs
Electrolytic Conduction: - Substance that allows passage of electricity is called conductors. Sub. That does’t allow passage of electricity are called i
Question 1: How many 3-digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 assuming that
(i) repetition of the digits is allowed?
Since, all the observations in measurements do not have the same precision, it is natural that the final result cannot be more precise than the least precise measurement. The
Dimensions of a Physical Quantity.
The powers to which fundamental quantities must be raised in order to express the given physical quantity are called its dimensions.
To make it more clear, consider the physical quantity force
Disaccharides:-
These are the carbohydrates which give two units of monosaccharides on hydrolysis. Some examples are: Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose.
Question 1: How many words, with or without meaning, each of 2 vowels and 3 consonants can be formed from the letters of the word DAUGHTER?
(1) The body which requires greater deforming force to produce a certain change in dimension is more elastic.
Example : Ivory and steel balls are more elastic than
Surface Tension (S.T.) ⟶ Surface tension of a liquid defied as the force acting at slight angles to the surface along one c
System of units : A complete set of units, both fundamental and derived for all kinds of physical quantities is called system of units. The common systems are given below
(1) CGS system : The system is also called Gaussian system of units. In it length, mass
Application of Dimensional Analysis.
(1) To find the unit of a physical quantity in a given system of units : In a dimensional formula, replacing M, L and T by the fundamental units of the required system we can get the un
Significant Figures.
Significant figures are the sum total number of reliable digits and one unreliable digit. Larger the number of significant figures obtained in a measurement, greater is the accuracy of the measurement. The reverse is also true.
Question 1: How many 3-digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9 if no digit is repeated?
Answer 1: 3-digit numbers h
Energy
The energy of a body is defined as its capacity for doing work.
(1) Since energy of a body is the total quantity of work done th
Limitations of Dimensional Analysis.
(1) Dimensions are not unique. Two Physical Quantities can have same dimensions. For example torque and
CARBOHYDRATES
Carbohydrates were originally regarded as hydrates of carbon with general formula [Cx(H2O)y]. But this definition has
Methods of expressing the concentration of Solution:-
The concentration of a solution means the amount of solute present in the given quantity of
The normal force exerted by liquid at rest on a given surface in contact with it is called thrust of liquid on that surface.
The normal force (or thrust) exerted by
Reproduction: Reproduction is the biological process in which an individual gives rise to an offspring similar to itself.
Purpose of Reproduction:
Coming Soon...