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IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of naming hydrocarbon
IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure and Applied Science
Nomenclature
IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of naming ethers
Common names of ethers follow after the names of alkyl / aryl groups written as separate words in alp
Different ways to draw organic molecules include:
Kekulé (straight-line)
Condensed Formula
Tracovalency
A carbon atom has a total of six electrons occupying the first two shells, i.e., the K-shell has two electrons and the L-shell has fou
Functional groups: It may be defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner which is responsible for the characteristic chemical p
Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
Concept of homolytic and herterolytic fission
Organic reactions usua
IUPAC system and IUPAC rules of Naming Alcohols
In the common system, alcohols are named as alkyl alcohols. The word alcohol is added after the na
Properties of colloidal solutions:-
The main properties of the colloidal solutions are discussed below:-
Physical properties:-
Preparation of colloidal solutions:-
The Lyophoilic sols are prepared simply by mixing the dispersed phase in the dispersion medium.
Bu
Central dogma of molecular biology:
Francis Crick Proposed the central dogma of molecular biology. It stat
1)Law of conservation of mass :- in all physical and chemical charges, the total mass of products in same as that of react reactants.
Purification of colloidal solutions:-
The colloidal solution when prepared generally contain excessive amount of electrolytes and some other solub
Stoechiometrie calculation:-
Limiting reagent is that reactant which is completely used in t
Emulsions:-
Emulsions are the colloidal solutions of liquid. Both the dispersed phases as well as dispersion medium are the liquids. The two liqui
Isomerism
Definition of Structural Isomerism
When two or more organic compounds have the same molecular formula but dif
System of units : A complete set of units, both fundamental and derived for all kinds of physical quantities is called system of units. The common systems are given below
(1) CGS system : The system is also called Gaussian system of units. In
Alkynes contain a triple bond (≡). A triple bond has one and two bonds.
Some characteristic reactions of alkynes are,
Combustion
Moment of Inertia of Some Standard Bodies About Different Axes
Chemical properties of Alkene
Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the presence of a double bond. The carbon-carbon double bond consists o
Type of Legands:-
Legands are e- donors means nucleophile and their denticity depends on presence of lone pairs which can be co-ordinate
Common names of organic compounds
Common nomenclature
In the common system, cyanides are named by any of the following
Chemical properties of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones
ADDITION REACTIONS
Aldehydes and ketones are reduced to the corr
Covalent Bond:-Lewis – Longmuir Concept:-
Langmuir in. 1919 improved Lewis
Esters
RCOOR' are named after the corresponding carboxylic acids by replacing the ending -ic acid with -ate and preceding this with the name of the
Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
Crystal lattice is the depiction of three dimensional arrangements of constituent particles (atoms, molecules, ions
Addition reactions of benzene
Benzene gives some addition reactions. Some typical reactions are:
Addition of hydrogen
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Being unsaturated, aldehydes and ketones undergo addition reactions. They have a polar carbonyl group. The carbon o
Nomenclature, preparation and properties of i. Acid halides ii. Acid amides iii. Acid anhydrides and iv. Esters
Introduction of carboxylic
Reduction of nitroalkane
Nitro compounds can be reduced to primary amines under a variety of conditions. The various reduction stages of the nitro
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